Explanation Text

To tell or explain how things work or why something happens. is kind of text which is more complex than instructions. It is usually used to explain processes or sequences of activity. One of the main things that makes it different from instruction is the focus on CAUSE and EFFECT. It is one thing to describe what you see when you watch a scientific process or experiment, but another thing to make and to speculate about how one thing has led to another.

There are two types of explanation:

– Why do things happen?

– How do things work?

SOCIAL FUNCTION
to explain the process involved in the formation and working of natural or socio-cultural phenomena 

GENERIC STRUCTURES

A general statement to position the reader

- It describes or identifies the phenomenon

A sequence of explanations of why or how something occurs

- They tell how or why the feature or process changes. Words should show Cause and Effect or Time

Closing /Concluding Statement (Optional)

- It sums up the explanation and talks about its application; may also give examples

LANGUAGE FEATURES

• Technical or scientific words

• Action verbs

• Sequencing words or connectives

• Simple present or passive forms

EXAMPLE OF THE TEXT :

      Traffic congestion in Jakarta is a chronic issue that continues to plague the city's streets, impacting the daily lives of its residents and creating a multitude of challenges. This complex problem is the result of various interconnected factors, ranging from population growth and inadequate infrastructure to the limitations of public transportation. The rapid growth of the population in Jakarta, coupled with a significant increase in the number of vehicles, stands as a primary driver of the city's traffic congestion. As the population expands, so does the demand for mobility, putting substantial pressure on the existing transportation infrastructure.

      A critical contributor to Jakarta's traffic woes is the insufficient road infrastructure. Narrow roads and a lack of adequate tollways create bottlenecks, particularly during peak hours, impeding the smooth flow of traffic. While public transportation options such as buses, MRT, and KRL exist, their limited facilities and fragmented networks contribute to the preference for private vehicles. This results in an upsurge of vehicles on the road, exacerbating congestion.

    The scarcity of well-organized parking spaces is a serious concern. Many vehicles resort to parking on the roadside, narrowing traffic lanes and adding obstacles to the moving flow of vehicles. Uniform travel patterns, especially during rush hours, contribute significantly to congestion. The predictability of travel times leads to the accumulation of vehicles at strategic points across the city. The consequences of traffic congestion extend beyond the roadways, impacting the mental and physical well-being of commuters. Elevated stress levels due to unpredictable travel times and increased air pollution pose serious threats to public health. Ineffective traffic management and a lack of efficient management systems present challenges in addressing congestion. Innovative and integrated solutions are needed to plan and manage traffic more effectively.

  The Jakarta government has taken several steps to address traffic congestion, including the construction of toll roads, the enhancement of public transportation, and campaigns to reduce the use of private vehicles. However, significant challenges persist. Despite the complexity of Jakarta's traffic congestion, there is hope for improvement. Continued development of infrastructure, improvements in public transportation, and the promotion of sustainable travel patterns can contribute to creating a more friendly and sustainable urban environment. Cooperation between the government, the community, and the private sector is crucial in achieving these goals.

EXAMPLE OF BUTTERFLY :

LIFE CYCLE

Please write explanation text based on the picture above!

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